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SMS Erzherzog Karl
SMS ''Erzherzog Karl'' (German: "His Majesty's ship Archduke Karl") was a pre-dreadnought battleship built by the Austro-Hungarian navy in 1902. The lead ship of the , she was launched on 3 October 1903. They were assigned to the III Battleship Division.
For most of World War I, ''Erzherzog Karl'' remained in her home port of Pula, in present-day Croatia, except for four engagements. In 1914, she formed part of the Austro-Hungarian flotilla sent to protect the escape of the German ships SMS ''Goeben'' and SMS ''Breslau'' from the British-held Mediterranean; she advanced as far as Brindisi before being recalled to her home port. Her sole combat engagement occurred in late May 1915, when she participated in the bombardment of the Italian port city of Ancona. She also took part in suppressing a major mutiny among the crew members of several armored cruisers stationed in Cattaro between 1–3 February 1918. She also attempted to break through the Otranto Barrage in June of that year, but had to retreat when the dreadnought was sunk. After the war, ''Erzherzog Karl'' was awarded to the French as a war prize, but ran aground at Bizerte. She was scrapped in Italy in 1921.
== Design ==
The ''Erzherzog Karl'' displaced . She was long, had a beam of and a draft of . She was manned by 700 men. She and her sisters were the last and largest pre-dreadnought class built by the Austro Hungarian Navy, surpassing the by approximately . The ships were propelled by two two-shaft, four cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines. On trials, they developed , which propelled the ship at a speed of . On trials, the ''Erzherzog Karl''s engines managed to produce a knot more speed than was originally planned.
''Erzherzog Karl'' carried a primary armament of four /40 caliber guns in two twin turrets on the centerline. These guns were an Austro-Hungarian replica of the British 24 cm/40 (9.4") Krupp C/94, which was used on the ''Habsburg''s. Her secondary armament consisted of twelve /42 caliber guns, also made by Škoda, mounted in eight single casemates on either wing of the ship and two twin turrets on the centerline. shell at maximum elevation with a muzzle velocity of . The gun weighed 12.1 tons and could fire three rounds per minute.The ships had a tertiary armament for protection against torpedo boats in the form of the /45 caliber gun, also manufactured by Škoda. Anti-aircraft and airship protection was covered by the four Vickers anti-aircraft guns on the ship bought from Britain in 1910 and mounted onto ''Erzherzog Karl'' The ''Erzherzog Karl'' was also fitted with two above water torpedo tubes, although they were rarely used.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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